CHROMAtrs
November 1982 issue of 80 Micro
The most popular of the TRS-80 Model I and Model III color add-ons was the CHROMAtrs, introduced by South Shore Computer Concepts in 1982. It was available in several different configurations:
- a kit without case or power supply cost $99
- a kit with case and power supply cost $129
- a fully-assembled and tested unit cost $169.
The CHROMAtrs came with a full 16K of memory, allowing the highest resolution to be displayed without any further memory expansion. Each unit supported both the Model I or Model III and would work with either computer using the proper cable. The Model III cable would also work with the Lobo MAX-80 with a few minor modifications.
The core of the CHROMAtrs was the Texas Instruments TMS9918A graphics controller, the same chip used by the ColecoVision, the TI-99/4, and a number of other systems at the time. It supported a total of four video modes: one 40 by 24 text mode and three graphics modes. The maximum screen resolution was 256 by 192, the same as the TRS-80 Color Computer and nearly as high as the 280 by 192 of the Apple II. Sixteen colors (including transparent) were possible on a color television or eight shades of gray on a black and white television.
Another interesting feature of the CHROMAtrs (actually of the TMS9918A controller) was prioritized sprites. Up to 32 sprites could be displayed on screen at once and all display details were automatically handled by the controller. The sprites could even pass in front of one another, with the higher priority sprites overlapping the lower priority ones.
Two features unique to the CHROMAtrs among TRS-80 color add-ons were sound generation and joystick support. The sound, although fairly simple, could be heard either on the television or through a separate RCA jack. Two joystick connectors supported Atari joysticks or paddle controllers.
Each CHROMAtrs came with a software driver, a version of LOGO, and a game to help show off the color graphics. South Shore sold a number of CHROMAtrs programs, including CHROMA BASIC, a very impressive color graphics BASIC which originally cost $30 but soon was bundled with the CHROMAtrs. Upon request, they would also send a list that they maintained of third-party CHROMAtrs programs. By the end of 1983, South Shore changed their name to Micro Control Systems, Inc., but they continued to sell the CHROMAtrs.
Although there was more software written for the CHROMAtrs than any other TRS-80 color add-on, it still remained an intriguing niche option. There was never a “killer app” written for the CHROMAtrs that might have helped to drive wider adoption.
Written by Matthew Reed | Filed Under Graphics · Hardware · Micro Control Systems · South Shore Computer Concepts · TMS9918A
Comments
Comment by StevenHB:
I worked for South Shore Computer Concepts in 1982 and 1983. I assembled a few of them and debugged more. I probably still have one in a closet somewhere. I know that I have the keyboard/CPU unit from my own Model I.
I worked with the author of CHROMA Basic, who was a (shockingly) young student from Kentucky. Thanks for the memories.
Comment by Mark McDougall:
Does anyone have any documentation for the CHROMAtrs (and the other similar colour add-ons)? I’d be particularly interested in the schematics, user/programmer manual, and the driver software.
I’d like to implement this (and perhaps the other TMS9918A-based add-ons) in my FPGA TRS-80. But I have no idea how it was interfaced to the TRS-80 (memory/port map(s) etc). I’m surprised none of the software emulation authors have added these products. I do know MAME/MESS already has a TMS9918A core… so adding it to MESS would be a no-brainer…
Thanks in advance!
Regards,
Comment by Matthew Reed:
The CHROMAtrs was mapped to ports 78H to 7FH, although the base address could be changed using a jumper. I don’t know which of the ports mapped to the TMS9918A and which mapped to the sound and the joysticks.
I have thought before about adding CHROMAtrs support to my TRS-80 emulators, but the lack of software is a problem. It would be fairly easy to reverse engineer the CHROMAtrs hardware if any of the software was still available.
Comment by Robert French:
Wow, I just ran across this web page by accident. I’m the “shockingly young student from Kentucky” that StevenHB referred to above. I was 14 when I wrote and sold Chroma BASIC to South Shore, and I still remember it well. I also remember writing a Pacman-equivalent and some other games. I would be thrilled to hear from anyone else from South Shore or any users of the product.
Comment by Ben Mesander:
I wrote some game programs for my own use in Z-80 assembler that used the CHROMAtrs. Stuff like a parachute jump program, the plane would be one sprite in the 9918, the little person and the chute were two others. I had a WICO joystick and trackball hooked to mine.
I recall the trackball either drew too much power and made the CHROMAtrs unreliable or the 5V wasn’t provided on the atari-compatible port, can’t remember which, so I tapped 5V off somewhere else and ran a wire to the joystick port so I could use it.
I remember using the CHROMAtrs from BASIC, Z-80, small C, and FORTH.
I also ported some Applesoft BASIC graphics programs from Creative Computing to the TRS-80/CHROMAtrs.
Good times when I was in highschool, sometimes I wish I still had all that old hardware, but there’s just not enough time anymore.
Later I remember porting some of these old programs to the Amiga 1000 when I got one of those with money from my first “real” engineering job.
Comment by Mark McDougall:
If you have any software listings Ben, that’d help with reverse-engineering?!?
Comment by Chuck Sites:
South Shore was lucky to get Robert French to write ChromaBasic. At Thirteen he could program circles around anybody. And he could type unbelievably fast too.
Hi Rob. Here is my story on the ChromaTRS. I bought mine in the form of the $99 kit. I still have it too. I bought my Model I in 1978. by the time ChromaTRS came around I was pretty good at hardware hacking. One of the mods I made to the Model I, was something i called
the Re-Mapper which was an amazingly simple mod to run a real CPM. I never got around to publishing it, but 80-Micro would have loved it. Basically a bit on port 7E, toggle a JK-flipflop that triggered an XOR on A14 and A15. Magically the ROM moved from 0000-3FFF to C000-FFFF and the RAM from that location moved to 0000. And all your code from 4000-BFFF stayed there. It made booting CP/M a snap. The mod was as easy as the reverse video mod. In the end; my Model I had 192K RAM bank-switch CP/M mod, swap RAM for ROM mod, speed up mod, reverse video mod, lower case mod, and a ChromaTRS. I showed the ChromaTRS to Rob and said you should take your RF-Extended Basic and re-write it for the ChromaTRS which he did. He even did the 3D commands as a favor to me. Geeze we are talking sines and cosines in assembly language here. It was very impressive. My hat is off to the people at South Shore for making a great expansion device, and to Rob for coding up such a cool language.
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